Does HPV cause cancer? – What You Need to Know
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection that affects millions of people around the world.
While most HPV infections are harmless and go away on their own, some strains of HPV can have more serious consequences.
One of the most common concerns is whether HPV can cause cancer. Follow us to clarify this and other doubts!
What is HPV and how does it work?
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is an infection that is transmitted mainly through intimate contact, including vaginal, anal or oral sex.
The virus acts by infecting skin cells or mucous membranes in the genital area and causing changes in their cell growth and division.
These changes can lead to the formation of genital warts or the appearance of precancerous lesions that, if left untreated, can progress to cancer in some cases.
Can HPV Really Cause Cancer?
Some types of HPV are considered to be at high oncogenic risk, which means they are more likely to cause abnormal cell changes that can lead to the development of cancer.
However, it is important to note that not all HPV infections cause cancer.
Most infections go away on their own and don’t cause any symptoms or health problems.
However, it is advisable to be screened and follow medical recommendations to prevent and treat any HPV infection that may be of concern in time.
Types of Cancer Associated with HPV
Some of the most common HPV-related cancers include:
Cervical cancer
HPV is the main cause of cervical cancer, so screening tests such as Pap smears and HPV tests are recommended to detect it in early stages.
Vulvar cancer
HPV can also cause cancer of the vulva, which is the outer part of the female genitals.
Vaginal cancer
Some types of HPV can cause cancer to develop in the vagina.
Penile cancer
In men, HPV can increase the risk of penile cancer.
Anal cancer
HPV can infect the tissue of the anus and increase the chances of developing cancer in this area.
Throat cancer
HPV is also linked to throat cancer, specifically in the tonsil region and the base of the tongue.
Importance of Timely Diagnosis
The importance of timely diagnosis of HPV lies in the early detection of potential infections by the virus, helping to prevent the progression of persistent infections to precancerous lesions and, ultimately, to cancer.
If precancerous lesions or abnormal changes in cervical cells or other affected areas are detected, steps can be taken to treat and remove these lesions before they become invasive cancer.
In addition, early treatment is less invasive, more effective, and shows higher survival rates.
How to Prevent HPV?
Here are some ways to prevent HPV:
Vaccination
The HPV vaccine is an effective way to prevent infection with the virus, which is mostly recommended in adolescents and young adults.
Use of condoms
Correct and consistent use of latex or polyurethane condoms during sexual contact partially reduces the risk of HPV transmission.
Safe Sex Practices
Limiting the number of sexual partners and having mutually monogamous sex with an uninfected partner decreases the risk of HPV exposure.
