Complete Guide to Colostomy
A potentially life-changing procedure, a colostomy is not just a surgical intervention, but a new way of coping with everyday life.
This procedure, although complex, offers a new opportunity for those who need it due to various medical conditions.
In this post, we’ll explain in detail what a colostomy is, why it’s done, and how life after it is managed.
What is a Colostomy?
Colostomy is a surgical procedure where an opening is made in the abdomen to remove one end of the colon through this opening.
This allows the evacuation of stool directly from the intestine into a collection bag attached to the abdomen.
Reasons to Perform a Colostomy
Reasons for performing a colostomy include, but are not limited to, colorectal cancer, bowel obstructions, inflammatory diseases such as Crohn’s disease, and trauma to the pelvic area.
Medical Conditions Requiring a Colostomy
In addition to cancer and obstructions, other medical conditions that may require a colostomy include complicated diverticulitis, severe infections such as peritonitis, and complications from other surgeries that affect the colon.
Temporary colostomy vs. Permanent
Colostomy can be temporary or permanent.
The temporary one is used as a protective measure for the colon, allowing it to heal or rest.
On the other hand, perming is performed when a part of the colon or rectum has been completely removed and it is not possible to reconnect the remaining parts.
Types of Colostomy
There are several types of colostomies, classified according to the part of the colon involved:
Ascending colostomy
This type of colostomy involves the ascending part of the colon, which is the section closest to the small intestine.
Transverse colostomy
In transverse colostomy, an opening is made in the transverse part of the colon, which is the section that crosses the abdomen from left to right.
The stoma is created in this area, allowing stool to escape.
Descending and Sigmoid Colostomy
These types of colostomy are performed on the descending and sigmoid part of the colon, respectively.
In the descending colostomy, a portion of the descending colon is removed; while in the sigmoid colostomy, a portion of the sigmoid colon is removed.
Colostomy Surgical Process
The surgical process involves preoperative preparation, where the patient may need to follow a special diet and take medication to cleanse the bowel.
The surgery is performed under general anesthesia and the specific procedure will depend on the type of colostomy.
Preparing for Surgery
Before surgery, a complete evaluation is crucial, which usually includes: blood tests, imaging studies and, in some cases, consultations with other specialists to ensure that the patient is in the best possible condition for the procedure.
Description of the Surgical Procedure
During surgery, an incision is made in the abdomen, a portion of the colon is removed, and the stoma is created, securing the end of the intestine to the skin of the abdomen to allow for evacuation.
Risks and Complications
The main risks of colostomy are: infections, bleeding, and problems with anesthesia.
Postoperative complications can include obstruction of the stoma, irritation of the skin around the stoma, and hernias.
Postoperative Care and Living with a Colostomy
Post-operative care is essential for a good recovery.
The patient must have adequate management of the stoma, avoiding infections and ensuring the correct adhesion of the collection bag.
Adapting to lifestyle changes is also critical, which may require psychological support and ongoing education on how to live with a colostomy.
Stoma Management
Proper stoma management involves regular cleaning of the area, proper use of colostomy supplies, and monitoring for any changes in the stoma or surrounding skin.
Lifestyle Changes and Adjustment
Life with a colostomy involves some lifestyle changes and an adaptation to this new reality.
Among them we can mention:
- Feeding: After a colostomy, dietary adjustments may be necessary to prevent digestive problems and maintain good digestive system function.
Certain foods that can cause gas, strong odors, or digestion difficulties may need to be avoided. - Hydration: Staying well hydrated is vital for the proper functioning of the digestive system and overall health.
Drinking enough water and healthy fluids is important to keep your stool at a proper consistency. - Physical activity: Most people with a colostomy can continue their usual physical activities after adequate recovery.
However, it may be necessary to take extra precautions and adapt certain exercises based on your doctor’s recommendations. - Psychological Support: Adjusting to living with a colostomy can be emotionally challenging.
Seeking psychological support, either through individual therapy or support groups, is a great help in managing the emotions associated with the procedure.
